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Principle and application of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) as a high efficiency fluoride removal agent
Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer compound, and its fluoride removal is mainly realized through the following two mechanisms:
Chemisorption: PAC dissolved in water released aluminum ion (Al³), and combined with fluoride ion (F) to form hydrofluoric acid (HF) intermediate, and then further formed insoluble aluminum fluoride (AlF ₃) precipitation.
Co-precipitation effect: the aluminum hydroxide colloid generated by PAC hydrolysis coats the free fluorine ion through surface adsorption and mesh capture, and finally removes it by solid-liquid separation.

Reasons for the increase of PAC dosage
The reasons for the increase of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage can be analyzed from environmental conditions, water quality changes, agent characteristics and operation process. The search information is organized as follows:

Cololorization technology of polymer iron sulfate (PFS) in printing and dyeing wastewater
Core advantages of polymeric iron sulfate decolorization technology

Guide for the safe use of aluminum chloride (PAC)
Polyaluminum chloride (PAC, as a high efficiency Water Treatment agent) is widely used in drinking water purification, industrial wastewater treatment and other fields. However, as a chemical product, it is corrosive and may cause health risks. This paper combines industry norms and emergency measures, systematically summarizes its safety operation points for the reference of practitioners.

Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) Comprehensive Guide High-Efficiency Water Treatment Solution for Improved Water Quality
Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC), with the chemical formula Al2(OH)nCl6−nAl2(OH)nCl6−nₘ, is a highly efficient inorganic polymer coagulant. Produced through the hydrolysis and polymerization of aluminum salts, PAC boasts strong adsorption capabilities, rapid flocculation, and adaptability across a wide pH range. It is widely used in drinking water purification, industrial wastewater treatment, urban sewage management, and more.

Breakthrough of low temperature and low turbidity water treatment: engineering application of polymer iron sulfate turbidity removal performance
Low temperature low turbidity water (temperature <10℃, turbidity <30 NTU) has long been regarded as a technical difficulty in the field of water treatment because to its high colloid stability and low flocculation efficiency. With its unique ferric sulfate and engineering adaptability, polyric sulfate (PFS) has achieved breakthrough application in this field in recent years and become one of the core technologies to improve the rate of water quality standards.

Why can polyaluminum chloride be used for defluoridation
The fluoride removal ability of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is derived from its unique chemical characteristics and mechanism of action, mainly involving the following principles:

How can sewage treatment plants achieve standard discharge through PAC upgrade under the new environmental regulations
In the context of stricter environmental regulations, sewage treatment plants need to achieve standard discharge through technological upgrading and management optimization. As a core water treatment agent, the rational selection and application optimization of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is key. The following are solutions based on the latest policies and industry practices

Study on the adaptability of polymeric ferric sulfate in the treatment of low-temperature and low turbidity wastewater
Low temperature and low turbidity wastewater treatment is one of the technical difficulties in the field of water treatment.