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Kuyerekeza kwa polyaluminium chloride yopangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu muzinthu zopangira, mtengo, kuyeretsedwa kwazinthu ndi ntchito za Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira. Zotsatirazi ndikuyerekeza kuyerekeza kutengera njira yopangira:
- Gulu molingana ndi kuyanika
- Njira yowumitsa ng'oma
Zopangira: phulusa la aluminiyamu, aluminium slag, malasha gangue, mchere ndi zina zotsika mtengo zopangira.
khalidwe:
- Mtundu wamvula wachilengedwe: zonyansa zambiri, zinthu zosasungunuka zamadzi zambiri (> 2%), zotayira zochepa (pafupifupi 24-28%);
- Mbale ndi chimango fyuluta mtundu: pambuyo kusefera makina, zosafunika zimachepa, zotayidwa zochulukira (mpaka 28%), madzi osasungunuka kanthu ndi otsika.
Ntchito: makamaka ntchito mafakitale zimbudzi mankhwala, otsika mtengo koma khalidwe ambiri.
- Utsi kuyanika njira
Zopangira: kuyera kwakukulu kwa aluminium hydroxide kapena bauxite.
Zomwe zili: aluminiyumu yapamwamba (> 29.5%), madzi otsika kwambiri osasungunuka (≤0.3%). Kuthamanga kwachangu, yankho lopanda utoto komanso lowoneka bwino, digiri yamchere yamchere imatha kuwongolera (pafupifupi 50%).
Ntchito: kumwa Chithandizo cha Madzi, kupanga mwatsatanetsatane ndi magawo ena ofunikira kwambiri.
- Gulu molingana ndi zopangira ndi njira zomwe zimachitikira
- Acid solution njira imodzi (njira yazitsulo za aluminiyamu)
Zopangira: tchipisi ta aluminiyamu, phulusa la aluminiyamu ndi zinyalala zina.
Mawonekedwe: njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, koma mankhwalawa ali ndi zonyansa zazitsulo zolemera, kusakhazikika bwino.
Njira yoyimira: njira yayikulu yama cell, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba koma zovuta za dzimbiri.
- Njira yothetsera alkali
Zopangira: bauxite, sodium aluminate.
Mawonekedwe: mankhwalawa ndi oyera (zitsulo zolemera zochepa), koma ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta, yokwera mtengo, iyenera kusintha pH mtengo.
- Neutralization njira
Njira: aluminiyamu kolorayidi ndi aluminiyamu ya sodium zimakonzedwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako zimasakanizidwa ndikusinthidwa.
Mawonekedwe: zonyansa zochepa, zotayidwa zambiri za aluminiyamu ndi mchere (mpaka 85%), koma mtengo wapamwamba.
- Alum hydroxide acid njira yothetsera
Zopangira: kuyera kwakukulu kwa aluminium hydroxide.
Zofunika: Zoyenera kupanga PAC yoyera kwambiri (monga PAC yoyera), koma imafuna kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kwakukulu.
- Njira yosungunula mamineral acid (monga bauxite, malasha gangue)
Njira: kuphwanya, kuwotcha, kusungunuka kwa asidi ndikusintha digiri ya maziko.
Zofunika: Zopangira ndi zotsika mtengo (monga malasha gangue), koma mankhwalawo amakhala ndi chitsulo chambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zimbudzi zotsika.
- Kuyerekeza kwa zizindikiro zazikulu
| Mtundu wa ndondomeko | Aluminiyamu zomwe zili (Al₂O₃) | Mchere (B%) | madzi osasungunuka | mtundu | mawonekedwe oyenera |
| kupopera-kuyanika ndondomeko | ＞29.5% | ≈50% | ≤0.3% | Choyera/choonekera | Kumwa madzi, mwatsatanetsatane makampani |
| Wodzigudubuza-mbale ndi chimango fyuluta | ≈28% | 70-85% | pansi | yellow | Municipal zimbudzi ndi madzi ambiri mafakitale |
| Kuyanika kwa roller - matope achilengedwe | 24-26% | 50-80% | ＞2% | Brownish / imvi | Zofunikira zochepa zopangira zimbudzi zamakampani |
| Njira imodzi yothetsera asidi (phulusa la aluminiyamu) | ＜28% | Kusasunthika ndikokwera | wamtali | Wachikasu wakuda/bulauni | Madzi otayira wamba m'mafakitale |
| Njira yothetsera aluminium hydroxide acid | ＞30% | Sinthani mpaka 90% | Zotsika kwambiri | woyera | Chakudya, mankhwala ndi zina zambiri chiyero minda |
- Malingaliro osankha ndondomeko
- Minda yapamwamba (madzi akumwa, mankhwala): kuyanika kopopera kapena kusungunuka kwa aluminium hydroxide acid kumakonda kuonetsetsa kuti zitsulo zolemera kwambiri ndi zoyera kwambiri.
- Kuchiza zimbudzi zamatauni/mafakitale:
- Ubwino wamadzi wapakatikati: mbale ndi chimango fyuluta ng'oma ndondomeko (kukwera mtengo ntchito);
- Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous/madzi oyipa achitsulo: njira yosautsa kapena njira yosungunula zamchere (salinity> 80%, kutsatsa mwamphamvu).
- Njira yotsika mtengo: kusungunuka kwa asidi njira imodzi kapena njira yosungunula asidi a gangue, koma zonyansa ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Langizo: Mchere ukapitilira 80%, kuwongolera kwa kuyeretsa kumachepetsa, ndipo kulinganiza pakati pa mtengo ndi kuchita bwino kumafunika.
Ubwino wa zopangira zotsika ukhoza kusinthidwa ndikuwongolera njira (monga masitepe awiri a asidi kusungunuka ndikuwonjezera ufa wa calcium aluminate).
