chiŵerengero cha dosing cha polyaluminum chloride ya mafakitale

Zotsatirazi ndi kusanthula kwaukadaulo kwa chiŵerengero cha mlingo wa kalasi ya mafakitale Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) pochiza zimbudzi zamafakitale, tsatanetsatane waukadaulo ndi mfundo zothandiza:

I. Makhalidwe ndi maziko a kuwonjezera kwa polyaluminum chloride

Kusankha ndi kusankha zinthu

PAC Yolimba: Kuchuluka kwa alumina (Al₂O₃) kuyenera kukhala ≥28% (muyezo wadziko lonse GB/T 22627-2022), ndipo chiŵerengero cha kusungunuka nthawi zambiri chimakhala 1:9~1:15 (ndi chiŵerengero cha kulemera) (ndiko kuti, gawo limodzi la PAC kuphatikiza magawo 9~15 amadzi), lomwe limakonzedwa kukhala yankho la 5%~10% kuti liwonjezedwe. Kuchuluka komwe kuli pansi pa 1% ndikosavuta kusungunuka ndikulephera, pomwe kuchuluka komwe kuli pamwamba pa 10% ndikosavuta kuwononga.

Madzi PAC: zomwe zili mu alumina ndi zoposa 10%, zomwe zitha kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji, koma mtengo woyendera ndi kusungira ndi wokwera, kotero ndi woyenera pazochitika zapafupi zoyeretsera zinyalala.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza

Ubwino wa Madzi makhalidwe (kukhuthala, pH, mtundu wa zoipitsa) ndi zomwe zimatsimikiza kuchuluka kwenikweni, ndipo chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri chiyenera kudziwika kudzera mu mayeso ang'onoang'ono.

Kutentha ndi pH: mu kutentha kochepa kapena pH yotsika ya madzi, kuchuluka kwa PAC kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha hydrolysis yofulumira.

2. Njira yodziwira chiŵerengero cha mlingo

(1) Njira zoyesera zoyeserera (maulalo ofunikira)

Kapangidwe ka yankho lofotokozera:

Tinalemera magalamu atatu a PAC yolimba, tinawonjezera 50ml ya madzi kuti tisungunuke, ndipo tinapanga 100ml kuti tikonze yankho la 3% (chiŵerengero cha kulemera).

Mayeso a gradient:

Magulu asanu ndi limodzi a zitsanzo zofanana za zinyalala adatengedwa ndipo yankho la PAC linawonjezedwa mu Mlingo wosiyana (monga, 10 ~ 50mg/L). Pambuyo posakaniza, liwiro la mapangidwe a alum, mphamvu ya sedimentation ndi turbidity yotsalira zinawonedwa.

Kukonza ndi kusintha:

Ngati thanki yosungiramo zinthu ili ndi maluwa ochepa a alum komanso dothi lotsala, mlingo wake uyenera kuwonjezeredwa; ngati maluwa a alum ndi akulu komanso ozungulira, mlingo wake uyenera kuchepetsedwa.

(2) Miyezo yopanga ndi kugawa

Kusungunuka: PAC yolimba iyenera kusungunuka ndi madzi apampopi kapena madzi a chitsime, ndikusakanikirana kwa mphindi zosachepera 5 mpaka palibe tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonjezera:

Madzi otayira: 5%~8% yankho (ndiko kuti, 50~80g PAC/lita imodzi ya madzi);

Madzi otayira okhala ndi dothi lalikulu (monga zitsulo, kupanga mapepala): akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mpaka 10%.

3. Onjezani chiŵerengero cha mlingo malinga ndi makampani

Malinga ndi mtundu wa madzi abwino komanso kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'mafakitale ndi motere (gawo: kg PAC/ matani 1000 a zimbudzi):

Dziwani: Deta yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi mfundo zomwe zachitika m'makampani, ndipo mayeso enieni a khalidwe la madzi ndi mayeso ang'onoang'ono ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

IV. Mfundo zazikulu ndi mavuto ofala

Pewani kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso:

Kuchuluka kwa matope kudzapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa matope, kukwera kwa ndalama zochizira, komanso kuchepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zasungunuka (monga COD).

Ukadaulo wogwirira ntchito limodzi:

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizana ya PAC ndi PAM pa madzi otayira osasunthika (monga kusindikiza ndi kuyika utoto, kuphika): choyamba onjezerani PAC coagulation, kenako gwiritsani ntchito yankho la 0.1% ~ 0.3% PAM kuti lithandize coagulation.

Kuwongolera bwino kwambiri:

Kuchuluka kwa alumina mu PAC yamadzimadzi kuyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kuti kupewe kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zothandiza panthawi yosungira.

V. MAPETO

Chiŵerengero cha mlingo wa PAC ya mafakitale chiyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "kukonza pang'ono, malamulo osankhidwa bwino komanso kusintha kwamphamvu":

Chiŵerengero choyambirira: PAC yolimba imasungunuka mu 1:9 ~ 1:15, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mlingo ndi 5% ~ 10%;

Kusintha kwa mafakitale: mlingo uyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zodetsa. Pa madzi otayira okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (monga kupanga ndi kusindikiza mapepala), ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kufika pa 100 ~ 300kg / tani chikwi;

Kuwongolera zoopsa: N'koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otayira kuti asungunule PAC kuti apewe kuipitsa zitsulo zolemera.