Polyaluminium chloride y'amazi yo mu rwego rw'inganda

I. Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga

Ikinyobwa cyo mu rwego rw'inganda Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), polimeri ikora nk'iy'umwimerere, ifite formula ya shimi [Al2(OH)nCl6−n]m[Al2​(OH)n​Cl6−n​]m​. Ikora binyuze mu guhuza iyoni ya hydrogen-oxygen na polymerization ya aniyoni nyinshi. Ugereranyije n'ibindi binyabutabire bisanzwe nka aluminium sulfate, PAC y'amazi itanga ibyiza bikomeye:

• Gukurura neza kw'ibimera: uburemere bunini bwa molekile n'ubucucike bwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire bishobora guhumeka vuba uduce twa colloidal mu mazi, bigatuma indabyo nini kandi zicucitse, kandi umuvuduko wo gushwanyagurika kw'ibimera wiyongeraho ibirenze 30%.
• Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu mu buryo bwagutse: pH ikoreshwa mu buryo burambuye (5.0-9.0), imikorere ihamye mu bushyuhe buke, bigira ingaruka ku mazi menshi yangiza, amazi yanduye n'amazi yanduye y'icyuma gikaze.
• Ingeso mbi nke n'umutekano muke: ingeso mbi ni nkeya ugereranyije n'iy'icyuma gifunga umunyu, kandi ibisigazwa by'icyuma gikomeye byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'igihugu (nk'ubutare bwa arsenic ≤ 0005%, icyuma cy'ubutare ≤ 0.006%).

II. Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora no gushyira mu byiciro tekiniki

Umusaruro w'inganda wa PAC y'amazi ushingiye ahanini ku bikorwa bikurikira:

• Uburyo bwa aluminiyumu y'icyuma: ivu rya aluminiyumu n'ibisigazwa bya aluminiyumu bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma bigakura bigashyirwamo aside hydrochloric. Birahendutse ariko biragoye kugenzura ubuziranenge, bityo bikaba bikwiye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda isanzwe yo mu nganda.
• Uburyo bwa hydroxide ya aluminiyumu ikora: ifu ya hydroxide ya aluminiyumu isukuye cyane ikoreshwa, kandi igipimo cy'umunyu gihindurwa nyuma yo gushonga aside ku gitutu (40%-90%). Iki gicuruzwa gifite icyuma gito kandi gikwiriye amazi meza.
• Uburyo bwa batiri bwakoreshejwe bwa mbere: chip ya aluminiyumu (anode) na cathode y'icyuma bikoreshwa muri aside hydrochloric kugira ngo bishyuhe, ibyo bikaba bizigama ingufu kandi bikora neza, ariko bigomba kugenzura neza imyanda y'icyuma gikomeye.
• Uburyo bwo kongera icyuma gipfundikiye: PAC y'amazi ishobora gukurwamo amazi mu muyoboro wa spray kugira ngo ikore ibintu bikomeye, ariko imiterere y'amazi ikuraho intambwe yo gushonga kandi igikorwa kikaba cyoroshye kurushaho.

3. Imiterere y'ingenzi y'ikoreshwa

gusohora imyanda mu nganda

• Gucapa no gusiga irangi/amazi yanduye mu ruhu: igipimo cyo gukuraho ibara kigera ku kigero kirenga 85%, bigaca intege COD (ubukene bwa ogisijeni mu binyabutabire).
• Amazi ya fluoride/amazi y'icyuma ateza akaga: iyoni za fluoride n'ibintu byangiza nka lisansi na chromium bikurwaho n'imvura igoye.
• Gukora impapuro/amakara yoza amazi yanduye: kwihutisha ihindagurika ry'amakara yashongeshejwe, kugarura ibintu bikomeye by'ingirakamaro, no kugabanya Ikigo cy'Amaziintego y'ibitaka.

Imicungire y'amazi mu mijyi

• Gusukura amazi: gukuraho ibintu bikomeye n'ibikomoka ku mazi mu mazi yo mu kigega n'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, no kugabanya ubushyuhe kugeza kuri NTU iri munsi ya 0.5.
• Gutunganya imyanda mu mujyi: hamwe na polyacrylamide bishobora kongera imikorere yo gukuraho imyanda no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyijugunya.

Gusana amazi mu buryo bwihariye

• Gukuraho imiyoboro y'amazi irimo imirasire;
• Gukuraho fosifore na azote mu mazi yanduye yo mu mazi kugira ngo hirindwe kororoka kw'amazi.

IV. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere n'ibipimo by'ikoreshwa

Ingingo z'ingenzi:

• Igipimo: Igipimo gisanzwe cya PAC y'amazi ni hagati ya 3-40 kg / toni 1000 z'amazi, kandi agaciro keza kagomba kugenwa n'ikizamini cya beaker.
• Ibisabwa mu gushonga: kongeramo cyangwa gutegura umuti wa 5%-10% mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi agwa cyane bigatuma amazi ananirwa gukora.

Kudahuza: Kubika hamwe n'ibintu bikomeye bigabanya ogisijeni n'ibintu bihumanya ikirere birabujijwe kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'inyubako za polymer.

V. Iterambere ry'Igihugu n'Ibibazo by'ibidukikije

• Umusaruro w’icyatsi kibisi: Tegura uburyo bwo gukoresha ivu ry’ibimera, agacupa k’amakara n’indi myanda ikomeye nk’ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry’umutungo.
• Gukoresha neza: formula ya PAC ikozwe ku bwoko butandukanye bw'amazi yanduye (urugero: amazi yanduye afite amavuta/umunyu mwinshi).
• Kugenzura aluminiyumu isigaye: kunoza uburyo bwo gukora polymerization kugira ngo ugabanye iyoni ya aluminiyumu isigaye mu mazi kandi wirinde ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

Ifumbire y'amazi ya polyaluminum chloride yo mu nganda yabaye igikoresho kidasimburwa mu buryo bugezweho bwo gutunganya amazi bitewe n'imiterere yayo yo gukora neza cyane, ikoranabuhanga rinini ndetse n'igiciro gito. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugomba kunoza kunoza imikorere n'umutekano w'ibidukikije, no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryayo mu buryo bushya mu rwego rwo "kutagira ikoreshwa ry'amazi".