Maxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu beddelo polyaluminum chloride daaweynta wasakhda?

Daaweynta wasakhda, Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) ayaa badanaa la isticmaalaa, laakiin beddelka soo socda ayaa loo tixgelin karaa xaalado gaar ah (sida yaraynta haraaga aluminiumka, la qabsiga tayada biyaha heerkulka hooseeya ama hagaajinta kharashka):

Ⅰ. BEDDELADA DARYEELKA

Polyferric sulfate (PFS)

● Faa'iidooyinka: La qabsi xooggan oo ku habboon jawiga heerkulka hooseeya (wali wax ku ool ah 4℃), xawaaraha si dhakhso ah u fadhiisinta, ma jiraan wax khatar ah oo ku yimaada ion aluminium ah oo harsan, oo ku habboon daaweynta biyaha la cabbo;

● Xaaladaha khuseeya: biyaha wasakhda ah ee wasakhda badan, biyaha wasakhda ah ee saliidda leh iyo meelaha u baahan xakamaynta adag ee aluminiumka (sida biyaha lagu shubo);

●Kharashka: 30-50% ka yar qiyaasta PAC, iyo waxqabadka nadiifinta wasakhda oo ka wanaagsan.

Polychloride birta aluminium (PAFC)

● Astaamaha: marka lagu daro faa'iidooyinka milixda aluminiumka iyo milixda birta, ubaxa alumku waa mid aad u yar, xawaaraha fadhiisintu waa mid dhakhso badan, oo ku habboon wasakhda sare/biyo wasakh ah oo heerkul hooseeya;

● Baaxadda codsiga: biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha (tusaale ahaan, daabacaadda iyo rinjiyeynta, sameynta warqadaha), heerkulka hooseeya iyo isha biyaha ee wasakhda yar.

Walxaha aan noolaha ahayn ee dhaqameed

● Aluminium sulfate: kharash yar, laakiin saameynta flocculation-ku way ka daciifsan tahay PAC, waa in loo isticmaalaa qalabka coagulant-ka;

● Lime (CaO): waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu hagaajiyo pH-ka iyo in laga saaro fosfooraska, laakiin wax soo saarka dhoobada ayaa aad u badan, sidaa darteed waxaa loo baahan yahay in lagu daro walxo kale.

II. Beddelka Dabiiciga ah iyo kan Isku-dhafan

Polyacrylamide (PAM)

● Shaqada: Badanaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii gargaar isku-xidhka iyadoo lala kaashanayo PAC. Marka kaligaa la isticmaalo, waa in loo xushaa iyadoo loo eegayo tayada biyaha (cationic/PAM ee nadiifinta wasakhda);

● Xaddidaadaha: Si buuxda uma beddeli karto shaqada xinjirowga ee PAC, waana in loo isticmaalaa wakiilada aan dabiiciga ahayn.

Daloolo isku dhafan

● PFS+PAM/PAM wax laga beddelay: waxay wanaajisaa hufnaanta daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee saliidda ku jira waxayna yareysaa wadarta guud ee kiimikada;

● Daawaynta dabiiciga ah ee ku salaysan Chitosan/gelatin: ku habboon in lagu farsameeyo cuntada biyaha wasakhda ah, ammaan sare laakiin kharash badan.

Tiknoolajiyada cusub ee shatiyada

● Buuxiye isku-dhafan oo birlab ah + yaraynta PAC: awoodda nuugista iyo sawir-qaadista ayaa la xoojiyaa iyadoo la raro oksaydhka birta, xaddiga PAC-na waxaa la dhimaa in ka badan 30%.

Ⅲ. Beddelo gaar ah oo shaqeynaya

Wakiilada Derophilic

● Cusbo lime ama kaalshiyam: habka roobka kiimikada ee looga saarayo fosfooraska, laakiin waxay kordhin kartaa adkaanta biyaha;

● Cusbo bir ah (tusaale ahaan, PFS): ka saarista fosfooraska iyo biraha culus isku mar, oo ka wanaagsan milixda aluminiumka.

Midab-ka-beddelidda iyo hoos u dhaca cod-ka

● Qalabaynta midabka gaarka ah + sulfate ferrous: si loogu rinjiyeeyo biyaha wasakhda ah, beddel shaqada midabaynta ee PAC.

Ⅳ. Talooyin ku saabsan ikhtiyaarrada kale

waxyaabaha u baahan fiiro gaar ah:

● Kahor inta aan la beddelin, qiyaasta ugu fiican iyo heerka pH waa in lagu go'aamiyaa tijaabo tijaabo ah (tusaale ahaan, PFS waxay ku habboon tahay pH 4-11, PAC waa 5-8);

● Hadhaaga walxaha ku salaysan aluminiumka (sida PAC iyo PAFC) waxay u baahan yihiin in la qiimeeyo, gaar ahaan meelaha biyaha ee xasaasiga u ah deegaanka;

● Wakiilka isku-dhafka ah wuxuu kordhin karaa xaddiga wasakhda, sidaa darteed habka fuuq-baxa waa in la hagaajiyaa.