Izizathu zokwenyuka komthamo we-PAC

Izizathu zokwenyuka komthamo we-polyaluminium chloride (PAC) zingahlaziywa kusukela ezimeni zemvelo, izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi, izici ze-ejenti kanye nenqubo yokusebenza. Ulwazi lokusesha luhlelwe kanje:

1. Ithonya lezici zemvelo

Imvelo yokushisa ephansi

Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla ebusika, izinga lokusabela kwe-PAC hydrolysis liyancipha, okwenza kube nzima ukuphazamisa izinhlayiya ze-colloidal. Ngakho-ke, umthamo kufanele unyuswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela we-electro-neutralization kanye ne-adsorption.

Ukushisa okuphansi kuzophinde kwandise i-viscosity yamanzi, kwenze buthaka ukunyakaza kwe-Brownian kwezinhlayiya zokungcola, futhi kuthinte ukwakheka komzimba we-flocculation, ngakho ngokwenza ngcono umphumela wesinxephezelo somthamo.

Inani le-pH liqhathaniswa noshintsho lwe-alkalinity

Umthelela wokuhlangana we-PAC uthintwa kakhulu inani le-pH. Uma i-pH yasekuqaleni yamanzi ichezuka ebangeni elifanele (5-9), umthamo kufanele unyuswe ukuze kulungiswe izimo zokusabela. Ngokwesibonelo:

Uma amanzi aluhlaza kanye ne-alkali kuphansi kakhulu, inkokhiso ye-PAC yokunethezeka kufanele yengezwe;

Uma i-alkali iphezulu kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuthunjwa kwenetha kanye nemvula ngokwandisa umthamo.

2. Izinga lamanzi nezici ezingcolisayo

Izinguquko ekugxilweni kwezindaba ezimisiwe

Amanzi angcolile anodaka oluphakeme adinga i-PAC engeziwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-electro-neutralization kanye ne-adsorption bridging. Uma ukuhlangana kokuqinile okumisiwe kukhuphuka ngokuzumayo (njengenkathi yemvula noma ukukhuphuka komthwalo wezimboni), umthamo kufanele ukhuliswe okwesikhashana.

Ngenxa yamathuba aphansi okushayisana, i-flocculation kufanele iqiniswe ngokwandisa umthamo noma ngokubambisana nosizo lwe-coagulant (njenge-PAM).

Izinhlobo zezinto ezingcolisayo ziyinkimbinkimbi

Uma welapha odayi be-hydrophilic, amafutha afakwe emulsified noma izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe, umthamo ovamile we-PAC ungase unganele futhi umthamo kufanele ukhuliswe noma ufakwe esikhundleni semikhiqizo ehlanzekile.

3. Izinqubo kanye nezindaba zokusebenza

Hlanganisa nezimo zokusabela ezinganele

Ukuqina okushukumisayo okunganele noma isikhathi sokusabela esifushane kakhulu kuzoholela ekuhlakazweni okunganele kwe-PAC, okudinga ukunxeshezelwa ngokwandisa umthamo.

Ukuguquguquka komthwalo we-hydraulic (njengomthelela wokugeleza) kungalimaza ibhalansi ye-flocculation, ngakho-ke umthamo udinga ukulungiswa ngamandla.

Ikhwalithi noma izinkinga zokwakhiwa

Uma isithako esisebenzayo se-PAC (okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium) singekho ezingeni elijwayelekile noma singancibiliki ngokuphelele (njengokuthi i-agglomeration inganyakaziswa ngokuphelele), umthamo kufanele unyuswe ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ofanayo wokwelashwa.

4. esinye isici

Uhlelo lokwelapha udaka lugcwele ngokweqile

Lapho umthamo wokuqeda udaka unganele, i-PAC eyeqile ingase iholele ekukhuphukeni nasekusaleni kwezimbali ze-alum ethangini le-sedimentation, kwenze umbuthano ononya "womthamo oqhubekayo wokugcina umphumela".

Ukuntuleka kokuqapha okunamandla kanye nokwenza kahle

Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezinga elincane okuvamile noma ukuqapha ku-inthanethi, umthamo wengezwa kuphela ngolwazi, okungaholela kalula kumthamo ongasasebenzi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi yamanzi.

Ukuphendula isiphakamiso

Lungiselela ukukhetha komenzeli: khetha i-PAC enobumsulwa obuphezulu nemodeli efanelekile ngokuya nezici zekhwalithi yamanzi ukuze unciphise ukungezwa okungavumelekile.

Ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo: nquma umthamo olungile ngokuhlolwa kwebhika, futhi ulungise isu lomthamo ngokuqapha amapharamitha afana ne-pH kanye ne-turbidity ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukugcinwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini: qinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokuxuba, futhi wengeze uhlelo lokudosa oluzenzakalelayo lapho kudingekile ukulawula okunembile.