Yini engasetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni se-polyaluminum chloride ekuhlanzweni kwendle?

Ekuhlanzweni kwendle, I-Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) ivame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ezinye izindlela ezilandelayo zingacatshangelwa ezimweni ezithile (njengokunciphisa izinsalela ze-aluminium, ukuzivumelanisa nekhwalithi yamanzi okushisa okuphansi noma ukulungiswa kwezindleko):

Ⅰ. IZINHLELO EZITHINTELAYO

I-Polyferric sulfate (Ama-Pf)

● Izinzuzo: Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okunamandla endaweni ephansi yokushisa (kusasebenza kahle ku-4℃), isivinini esisheshayo sokufakwa kwenhlabathi, akukho bungozi be-aluminium ion esele, kufanelekile ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuphuza;

● Izimo ezisebenzayo: amanzi angcolile anokungcola okukhulu, amanzi angcolile anamafutha kanye nezindawo ezidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-aluminium (njengemisebenzi yamanzi);

●Izindleko: Ngaphansi kuka-30-50% kune-PAC ngomthamo, kanye nokusebenza okungcono kokukhipha amanzi odakeni.

I-aluminium iron polychloride (PAFC)

● Izici: kuhlanganiswe nezinzuzo zikasawoti we-aluminium kanye nosawoti wensimbi, imbali ye-alum incane kakhulu, ijubane lokudaya liyashesha, lifanelekela amanzi angcolile anomswakama ophezulu/amanzi angcolile anokushisa okuphansi;

● Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: amanzi angcolile ezimbonini (isb., ukuphrinta nokudaya, ukwenza iphepha), izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nomthombo wamanzi ongcolile ophansi.

Izinto ezingezona ezemvelo zendabuko

● I-aluminium sulfate: intengo ephansi, kodwa umphumela we-flocculation ubuthakathaka kune-PAC, kufanele isetshenziswe ngosizo lwe-coagulant;

● I-Lime (CaO): isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH nokususa i-phosphorus, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kodaka kukhulu, ngakho-ke idinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto.

II. Ezinye Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Izinto Ezingokwemvelo Nezihlanganisiwe

I-Polyacrylamide (i-PAM)

● Umsebenzi: Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesithako sokujiya kanye ne-PAC. Uma isetshenziswa yodwa, kufanele ikhethwe ngokwekhwalithi yamanzi (cationic/PAM yokususa amanzi odaka);

● Imikhawulo: Ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo ngokuphelele yomsebenzi wokujiya kwe-PAC, futhi idinga ukusetshenziswa nama-inorganic agents.

I-flocculant ehlanganisiwe

● I-PFS+PAM/i-PAM eguquliwe: ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe uwoyela nokunciphisa inani eliphelele lamakhemikhali;

● I-flocculant yemvelo esekelwe ku-Chitosan/gelatin: ifanelekela ukucubungula ukudla ngamanzi angcolile, ukuphepha okuphezulu kodwa kubiza kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-patent

● Ukugcwalisa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-magnetic + Ukunciphisa i-PAC: amandla okumunca kanye ne-photocatalytic akhuliswa ngokulayisha i-iron oxide, futhi inani le-PAC lincishiswa ngaphezu kuka-30%.

Ⅲ. Ezinye izindlela ezikhethekile zokusebenza

Ama-dedrophilic agents

● Usawoti we-lime noma we-calcium: indlela yokukhipha i-phosphorus ngamakhemikhali, kodwa ingandisa ukuqina kwamanzi;

● Usawoti wensimbi (isib. i-PFS): ukususwa kwe-phosphorus nezinsimbi ezisindayo ngasikhathi sinye, kungcono kunosawoti we-aluminium.

Ukuguqulwa kombala kanye nokuwohloka kwe-COD

● I-decolorizer ekhethekile + i-ferrous sulfate: yokudaya amanzi amdaka, shintsha umsebenzi wokususa umbala we-PAC.

Ⅳ. Izincomo zezinketho ezihlukile

izindaba zidinga ukunakwa:

● Ngaphambi kokushintsha, umthamo ongcono kakhulu kanye nobubanzi be-pH kufanele kunqunywe ngokuhlolwa kokuhlola (isibonelo, i-PFS ifanele i-pH 4-11, i-PAC ingu-5-8);

● Izinsalela zama-ejenti asekelwe ku-aluminium (njenge-PAC ne-PAFC) zidinga ukuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamanzi ezizwela imvelo;

● I-composite agent ingandisa inani lodaka, ngakho-ke inqubo yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kufanele ithuthukiswe.