Kungani i-polyaluminium chloride ingase isetshenziselwe i-defluoridation?

2025-03-07

Ngomongo wemithetho eqinile yezemvelo, izikhungo zokuhlanza indle zidinga ukufeza ukukhishwa okujwayelekile ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphatha kahle. Njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi ewumongo, ukukhetha okunengqondo kanye nokwenza kahle kwesiceloi-polyaluminium chloride(PAC) ukhiye. Okulandelayo yizixazululo ezisekelwe kuzinqubomgomo zakamuva nezinqubo zemboni:

1. Ukukhangisa kwamakhemikhali nokusebenzisana kwemvula

Ukukhishwa kwe-aluminium ion

NgemvaI-PACiyaxazululaemanzini, ihlukanisa ngokushesha ama-ion e-aluminium ashajwe kakhulu(Al³),okuyintokukhonakuhlanganiswe ne-fluoride ion (F) ngamandla adonsela phansi e-electrostatic ukuze yakhe kuqala i-hydrofluoric acid (HF) emaphakathi, bese iqhubeka yenze i-insoluble aluminium fluoride (AlF₃) imvula nemvula.

isibalo sempendulo:

Al³⁺+3F⁻→AlF₃↓Al³⁺+3F⁻→AlF₃
ubunkimbinkimbi
Ama-ion e-aluminium nama-fluoride ions angaphinda akhe izinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezinzile (ezifana ne-AlFnAlFn^ {(3-n)}) ukuze kwehliswe ukugcwala kwe-fluoride yamahhala emanzini.

2.Umthelela we-coprecipitation

I-aluminium hydroxide (Al (OH) 3Al (OH) 3) ekhiqizwe yi-PAC hydrolysis inendawo enkulu kakhulu engaphezulu kanye nokushajwa okuhle, okuqiniswa yilezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

I-Surface Adsorption: ama-colloid akha ama-ion e-fluorine ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic.

Ukubamba nokugoqa inetha: ama-flocs akhiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuntanta asonga ama-ion e-fluorine ngaphakathi, futhi ekugcineni asuswe ngokuhlukana okuqinile koketshezi.

3. Izici ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo

Inani: kufanele ishintshwe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngenani le-fluorine yamanzi aluhlaza. Ngokuvamile, i-11-13 kg PAC (Al ₂ O ₃ 30%) kufanele yengezwe ngamathani ayinkulungwane amanzi.

Izinga lokushisa: lapho ukusebenza kabusha kwehla ngaphansi kuka-20 ℃, ukusebenza kahle kufanele kugcinwe ngokushisisa noma izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa.

Izimo zekhwalithi yamanzi: Emzimbeni wamanzi anodaka oluphezulu, i-PAC ingathuthukisa umphumela wokukhipha i-fluoride ngokususa kanyekanye into emisiwe.

4. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe

Uma kuqhathaniswa nosawoti we-aluminium wendabuko (njenge-aluminium sulfate), i-PAC inomthamo ophezulu wokushaja kanye nesivinini sokugeleza ngokushesha, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha i-fluorine kungathuthukiswa ngo-30% ngenani elifanayo lokwengezwa